The Spider Cytogenetic Database
Current version: 12.5 (Feb 29, 2024)
Douglas Araujo, Marielle Cristina Schneider, Emygdio Paula-Neto and Doralice Maria Cella
Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850
Cited as = species name adopted by the researcher that performed the cytogenetic analysis; 2n = diploid number of males and in parenthesis, diploid number of females; n = haploid number; 3n = triploid number; 4n = tetraploid number; SCS = sex chromosome system; T = telocentric; A = acrocentric; St = subtelocentric; Sm = submetacentric; M = metacentric; H = holocentric; S = supernumerary chromosome; (?) = dubious description; (*) = designation of the species name not recorded in the taxonomic database.
| Valid name | Cited as | 2n | SCS | Chromosomal morphology | Collection site | Bibliography |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aetana kinabalu Huber, 2005 | ---- | 23 | X1X2Y | 18M+2A+X1Sm+X2M+Y? | Malaysia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Anopsicus sp. (cf. iviei) | ---- | 17 | X | 12M+4Sm+XM | Mexico | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 | Artema atlenta | 32 | X1X2 | ---- | India | Parida & Sharma, 1987a |
| Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 | Artema atlenta | 32 | X1X2 | ---- | India | Sharma & Parida, 1987 |
| Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 | ---- | 32 | X1X2 | 30M+X1X2M | India | Arunkumar & Jayaprakash, 2015 |
| Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 | ---- | 33 | X1X2Y | 22M+8Sm+X1M+X2St+YM | South Africa | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Artema nephilit Aharon, Huber & Gavish-Regev, 2017 | ---- | 33 | X1X2Y | 16M+10Sm+2St+2A+X1M+X2M+Y? | Israel | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Belisana sabah Huber, 2005 | ---- | 23 | X | 20M+2Sm+XM | Malaysia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Cantikus sabah (Huber, 2011) | ---- | 13 | X | 12M+XM | Malaysia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Carapoia lutea (Keyserling, 1891) | Mesabolivar luteus | 15 | X | M | Brazil | Araujo et al., 2005b |
| Carapoia sp. | ---- | 15 | X | 14M+XM | Brazil | Lomazi et al., 2018 |
| Chisosa diluta (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940) | ---- | 13 | X | 12M+XM | USA | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 27 | X | 26M+XM | India | Bole-Gowda, 1958 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 25 | X | ---- | India | Srivastava & Shukla, 1986 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 23 | X | ---- | India | Parida & Sharma, 1987a |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 23 | X | ---- | India | Sharma & Parida, 1987 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 23 | X | 22M+XM | Brazil | Oliveira et al., 2007 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | (24) | XX | 10M+14Sm | India | Prakash & Prakash, 2014a |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | (24) | XX | 10M+14Sm | India | Prakash & Prakash, 2014b |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 23 | X | 22M+XM | India | Arunkumar & Jayaprakash, 2015 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 23 | X | 22M/Sm+XSm | India | Sharma & Ramakrishna, 2019 |
| Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | ---- | 23 | X | 18M+4Sm+XM | Vietnam | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Crossopriza sp. | ---- | 23 | X | 14M+8Sm+XM | Morocco | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Guaranita goloboffi Huber, 2000 | ---- | 11 | X | 10M+XM | Argentina | Huber et al., 2023c |
| Gertschiola macrostyla (Mello-Leitão, 1941) | ---- | 28 | X1X2X3Y | predominantly biarmed | Argentina | Huber et al., 2023a |
| Holocneminus sp. | ---- | 15 | X | 10M+2Sm+2St+XM | Philippines | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820) | ---- | 23 | X | 16M+6Sm+XM | Portugal | Král et al., 2006 |
| Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820) | ---- | 23 | X | 16M+6Sm+XM | Portugal | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933 | ---- | 23 | X | 14M+6Sm+2St+XM | Spain | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) | ---- | 28 | XY | M/Sm | USA | Golding & Paliulis, 2011 |
| Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) | ---- | 27 | X | 18M+6Sm+2St+XM | Croatia, Cyprus, France, Italy, Jordan, USA | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 24M+2Sm+X1M+X2St | Israel | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 24M+2St+X1M+X2St | Hungary | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 20M+4Sm+2St+X1M+X2St | Greece | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Kambiwa neotropica (Kraus, 1957) | ---- | 29 | X1X2X3X4Y | 24M+X1M+X2Sm+YSm | Guinea | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Leptopholcus guineensis Millot, 1941 | ---- | 17 | X1X2Y | 8M+6Sm+X1M+X2M+X3St+X4St+Y? | Brazil | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Mesabolivar brasiliensis (Moenkhaus, 1898) | ---- | 17 | X | 17M/Sm | Brazil | Ramalho et al., 2008 |
| Mesabolivar cyaneotaeniatus (Keyserling, 1891) | ---- | 17 | X | 17M/Sm | Brazil | Ramalho et al., 2008 |
| Mesabolivar spinulosus (Mello-Leitão, 1939) | ---- | 17 | X | 6M+6Sm+4St+XM | Brazil | Lomazi et al., 2018 |
| Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891) | ---- | 17 | X | 10M+6Sm+XM | Brazil | Lomazi et al., 2018 |
| Metagonia sp. | ---- | 19 | X1X2Y | ---- | Brazil | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Micropholcus fauroti (Simon, 1887) | ---- | 17 | X | M | Brazil | Araujo et al., 2005b |
| Micropholcus fauroti (Simon, 1887) | ---- | 9 | X | 8M+XM | Brazil, Cape Verde, South Africa | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Micropholcus piaui Huber, Carvalho & Benjamin, 2014 | ---- | 9 | X | 8M+XM | Brazil | Lomazi et al., 2018 |
| Micropholcus ubajara Huber, Carvalho & Benjamin, 2014 | ---- | 9 | X | 6M+2Sm+XM | Brazil | Lomazi et al., 2018 |
| Modisimus cf. elongatus | ---- | 17 | X | 10M+6Sm+XM | Cuba | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Muruta tambunan (Huber, 2016) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | X1M+X2Sm+Y? | Malaysia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Nerudia ola Huber, 2023 | ---- | 24 | X1X2X3Y | predominantly biarmed | Argentina | Huber et al., 2023a |
| Nerudia poma Huber, 2023 | ---- | 26 | X1X2X3Y | 22 biarmed + X1X2X3 biarmed + Y? | Argentina | Huber et al., 2023a |
| Nipisa deelemanae (Huber, 2011) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | X1M+X2M+Y? | Malaysia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Papiamenta levii (Gertsch, 1982) | ---- | 30 | X1X2X3Y | 22M+2M/Sm+2Sm+X1X2X3M+YSm | Curaçao | Huber et al., 2024 |
| Pehrforsskalia conopyga Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001 | ---- | 17 | X1X2Y | ---- | Israel | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 | ---- | 29 | X1X2Y | 24M+2Sm+X1M+X2M+YM | Canada, USA | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932 | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 12M+6Sm+2St+2A+X1M+X2A+YM | Czech republic | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus bamboutos Huber, 2011 | ---- | 23 | X1X2Y | Most biarmed+X1M+X2M+YM | Cameroon | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcus creticus Senglet, 1971 | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 10M+8Sm+2St+2A+X1M+X2A+YM | Greece | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus crypticolens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 | ---- | 24 | X1X2 | 22M+X1X2A | Japan | Suzuki, 1954 |
| Pholcus dentatus Wunderlich, 1995 | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 16M+4Sm+2A+X1M+X2A+YM | Portugal | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992 | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 18M+2Sm+2A+X1M+X2A+YM | Spain | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus kindia Huber, 2011 | ---- | 23 | X1X2Y | 16M+2Sm+2St+X1M+X2M+YM | Guinea | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937 | Pholcus affinis | 25 | X | A-T+XSm | China | Xiuzhen et al., 1997a |
| Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 12M+10Sm+X1M+X2A+YM | Czech Republic | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 12M+10Sm+X1M+X2A+YM | Czech Republic | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus pagbilao Huber, 2011 | ---- | 23 | X1X2Y | 14M+6Sm+X1M+X2A+YSm | Phillipines | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 18M+4Sm+X1M+X2Sm+YM | Czech Republic | Král et al., 2006 |
| Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 18M+4Sm+X1M+X2Sm+YM | Czech Republic | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 16M+4Sm+2A+X1M+X2St+YM | Portugal | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus silvai Wunderlich, 1995 | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 16M+2Sm+2St+2A+X1M+X2A+YM | Portugal | Král et al., 2022 |
| Pholcus sp. | ---- | 26 | X1X2 | ---- | India | Sharma & Parida, 1987 |
| Pholcus sp. | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 14M+6Sm+2A+X1M+X2St+YM | Kazakhstan | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Physocyclus californicus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 | ---- | 15 | X | 14M+XM | USA | Cokendolpher, 1989 |
| Physocyclus dugesi Simon, 1893 | ---- | 15 | X | 6M+2Sm+6St+XM | Mexico | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Physocyclus enaulus Crosby, 1926 | ---- | 15 | X | 14M+XM | USA | Cokendolpher, 1989 |
| Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski, 1874) | ---- | 15 | X | 6M+8Sm+XM | Brazil | Oliveira et al., 2007 |
| Physocyclus mexicanus Banks, 1898 | ---- | 15 | X | M/Sm | USA | Golding & Paliulis, 2011 |
| Physocyclus sp. | ---- | 15 | X | ---- | ---- | Cokendolpher & Brown, 1985 |
| Physocyclus sp. | ---- | 15 | X | 14M+XM | USA | Cokendolpher, 1989 |
| Psilochorus californiae Chamberlin, 1919 | ---- | 17 | X | 10M+4Sm+2St+XM | USA | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Psilochorus pallidulus Gertsch, 1935 | ---- | 17 | X | 16M+XM | USA | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911) | ---- | 17 | X | 12M+4Sm+XM | Germany | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Quamtana filmeri Huber, 2003 | ---- | 17 | X1X2Y | 8M+2Sm+4St+X1M+X2St+YM | South Africa | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Quamtana hectori Huber, 2003 | ---- | 23 | X1X2Y | 20M+X1M+X2A+YM | South Africa | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus atomarius Simon, 1910 | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 22M+2Sm+2A+X1M+X2Sm | Namibia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus cylindrogaster (Simon, 1907) | ---- | 26 | X1X2 | 20M+2Sm+2A+X1M+X2A | Cameroon | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus ndumo Huber, 2012 | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 22M+4Sm+X1M+X2M | South Africa | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus pallidus (Blackwall, 1858) | ---- | 29 | X1X2X3 | 20M+6Sm+X1M+X2M+X3M | Cape Verde, Philippines | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus peregrinus Strand, 1906 | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 18M+6Sm+2St+X1M+X2St | Madagascar | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus similis Kraus, 1957 | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 20M+4Sm+2St+X1M+X2M | Namibia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Smeringopus sp. | ---- | 28 | X1X2 | 20M+4Sm+2A+X1M+X2A | South Africa | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Spermophora senoculata (Dugès, 1836) | Spermaphora meridionalis | ---- | X1X2 | ---- | ---- | Painter, 1914 |
| Spermophora senoculata (Dugès, 1836) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 22M+X1X2YM | Portugal | Král et al., 2006 |
| Spermophora senoculata (Dugès, 1836) | ---- | 25 | X1X2Y | 22M+X1M+X2M+YM | Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Stygopholcus skotophilus Kratochvíl, 1940 | ---- | 23 | X | 14M+6Sm+2St+XM | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Herrera et al., 2021 |
| Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982) | ---- | 15 | X1X2Y | 12M+X1X2YM | Mexico | Huber et al., 2023b |
| Tolteca oaxaca Huber, 2023 | ---- | 13 | X1X2Y | 8M+2Sm+X1X2YM | Mexico | Huber et al., 2023b |
| Wugigarra sp. | ---- | 16 | XY | 12M+2St+XM+YM | Australia | Herrera et al., 2021 |