The Spider Cytogenetic Database

Current version: 13.0 (Aug 31, 2024)

Douglas Araujo, Marielle Cristina Schneider, Emygdio Paula-Neto and Doralice Maria Cella​
Bibliography

AKAN, Z.; VAROL, I. and ÖZASLAN, M. A Cytotaxonomical investigation on spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental Biotechnology, v. 19, p. 101-104, 2005.

ALBO, M.J. and POSTIGLIONI, A. Sex chromosomes behavior and G-banding treatment of male meiosis in nuptial gift-giving spiders of the family Trechaleidae. Integrative Zoology, v. 6, p. 56-62, 2011.

AMALIN, D.M.; BARRION, A.A. and RUEDA, L.M. Morphology and cytology of Argiope catenulata (Doleschall) (Araneae:Araneidae). Asia Life Sciences, v. 1, n. 1-2, p. 35-44, 1992.

AMALIN, D.M.; BARRION, A.A. and JAYOMA, M. Comparative karyomorphology of two Neoscona species (Araneae:Araneidae). Philippine Entomologist, v. 9, n. 1, p. 1-6, 1993.

AMALIN, D.M. Morphology, life history and cytology of three orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) causing araneidism in the Philippines. College, Laguna (Philippines), 79p., 1988.

ARAUJO, D.; CELLA, D.M. and BRESCOVIT, A.D. Cytogenetic analysis of the neotropical spider Nephilengys cruentata (Araneomorphae, Tetragnathidae): standard staining, NORs, C-bands and base-specific fluorochromes. Brazilian Journal of Biology, v. 65, n. 2, p. 193-202, 2005a.

ARAUJO, D.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; RHEIMS, C.A. and CELLA, D.M. Chromosomal data of two pholcids (Araneae, Haplogynae): a new diploid number and the first cytogenetical record for the new world clade. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 33, n. 2, p. 591-596, 2005b.

ARAUJO, D.; RHEIMS, C.A.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and CELLA, D.M. Extreme degree of chromosome number variability in species of the spider genus Scytodes (Araneae, Haplogynae, Scytodidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, v. 46, n. 2, p. 89-95, 2008.

ARAUJO, D.; MAIA, U.M. and BRESCOVIT, A.D. The first cytogenetic characterization of the poisonous black widow spider Latrodectus gr. curacaviensis from Brazil, with chromosomal review of the family Theridiidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Micron, v. 41, p. 165-168, 2010.

ARAUJO, D.; MATTOS, V.F.; GIROTI, A.M.; KRAESKI, M.G.; CARVALHO, L.S. and BRECOVIT, A.D. Cytogenetical characterization of six orb-weaver species and review of cytogenetical data for Araneidae. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 39, p.337-344, 2011.

ARAUJO, D.; OLIVEIRA, E.G.; GIROTI, A.M.; MATTOS, V.F.; PAULA-NETO, E.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; SCHNEIDER, M.C. and CELLA, D.M. Comparative cytogenetics of seven Ctenidae species (Araneae). Zoological Science, v. 31, n. 2, p. 83-88, 2014.

ARAUJO, D.; OLIVEIRA, E.G.; GIROTI, A.M.; MATTOS, V.F.; PAULA-NETO, E.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; SCHNEIDER, M.C. and CELLA, D.M. Chromosome evolution in lycosoid spiders (Araneomorphae): a scenario based on analysis of seven species of the families Lycosidae, Senoculidae and Trechaleidae. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 43, p. 174-181, 2015a.

ARAUJO, D.; PAULA-NETO, E.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; CELLA, D.M. and SCHNEIDER, M.C. Chromosomal similarities between Nephilidae and Tetragnathidae indicate unique evolutionary traits among Araneoidea. Italian Journal of Zoology, v. 82, n. 4, p. 513-520, 2015b.

ARAUJO, D.; SANCHES, M.B.; LIMA, J.S.G.S.; NASCIMENTO, E.V.J.; GIROTI, A.M.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; CELLA, D.M. and SCHNEIDER, M.C. Chromosomal analyses of Salticinae and Lyssomaninae reveal a broad occurrence of the 2n♂ = 28, X1X20 karyotype within Salticidae. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 44, p. 148-152, 2016.

ARAUJO, D.; SCHNEIDER, M.C.; ZACARO, A.A.; OLIVEIRA, E.G.; MARTINS, R.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; KNYSAK, I. and CELLA, D.M. Venomous Loxosceles Species (Araneae, Haplogynae, Sicariidae) from Brazil: 2n♂ = 23 and X1X2Y sex chromosome system as shared characteristics. Zoological Science, v. 37, p. 128-139, 2020.

ARAUJO, D.; SCHNEIDER, M.C.; ZACARO, A.A.; OLIVEIRA, E.G.; MARTINS, R.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; KNYSAK, I. and CELLA, D.M. Venomous Loxosceles Species (Araneae, Haplogynae, Sicariidae) from Brazil: 2n♂ = 23 and X1X2Y sex chromosome system as shared characteristics. Zoological Science, v. 37, p. 128-139, 2020.

ARUNKUMAR, S. and JAYAPRAKASH. Chromosomal studies of two spider species of Pholcidae (Araneae: Haplogynae). International Journal of Current Research, v. 7, n. 2, p. 12650-12653, 2015.

AULT, J.G.; FELT, K.D.; DOAN, R.N.; NEDO, A.O.; ELLISON C.A. and PALIULIS L.V. Co-segregation of sex chromosomes in the male black widow spider Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae). Chromosoma, DOI 10.1007/s00412-017-0628-7, 2017.

AVILÉS, L. and MADDISON, W. When is the sex ratio biased in social spiders?: chromosome studies of embryos and male meiosis in Anelosimus species (Araneae, Theridiidae). The Journal of Arachnology, v. 19, p. 126-135, 1991.

AVILÉS, L. and PURCELL, J. Anelosimus oritoyacu, a cloud forest social spider with only slightly female-biased primary sex ratios. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 39, p. 178-182, 2011.

AVILÉS, L.; VARAS, C. and DYRESON, E. Does the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola control the sex of individual offspring? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 46, p. 237-243, 1999.

AVILÉS, L.; McCORMACK, J.; CUTTER, A. and BUKOWSKI, T. Precise, highly female-biased sex ratios in a social spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v. 267, p. 1445-1449, 2000.

AVILÉS, L. Social behaviour in a web-building lynx spider, Tapinillus sp. (Araneae: Oxyopidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 51, p. 163-176, 1994.

BARRION, A.A.; AMALIN, D.M. and CASAL, C.V. Morphology and cytology of the lynx spider Oxyopes javanus (Thorell). Philippine Journal of Science, v. 118, n. 3, p. 229-237, 1989.

BEÇAK, W. and BEÇAK, M.L. Constituição cromossômica de duas espécies de aranhas do gênero “Loxosceles”. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, v. 20, n. 4, p. 425-427, 1960.

BENAVENTE, R. and WETTSTEIN, R. An ultrastructural cytogenetic study on the evolution of sex chromosomes during the spermatogenesis of Lycosa malitiosa (Arachnida). Chromosoma, v. 64, p. 255-277, 1977.

BENAVENTE, R. and WETTSTEIN, R. Ultrastructural characterization of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis of spiders having holocentric chromosomes and a long diffuse stage. Chromosoma, v. 77, p. 69-81, 1980.

BENAVENTE, R.; WETTSTEIN, R. and PAPA, M. Ultrastructural analysis of the X1X2X30 sex chromosome system during the spermatogenesis of Tegenaria domestica (Arachnida). Journal of Cell Science, v. 58, p. 411-422, 1982.

BENAVENTE, R. Holocentric chromosomes of arachnids: presence of kinetochore plates during meiotic divisions. Genetica, v. 59, p. 23-27, 1982.

BERRY, E.H. The “Accessory chromosome” in Epeira. The Biological Bulletin, v. 11, p. 193-201, 1906.

BOLE-GOWDA, B.N. The chromosome study in the spermatogenesis of two lynx-spiders (Oxyopidae). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Bengal, v. 3, n. 2, p. 95-107, 1950.

BOLE-GOWDA, B.N. Studies on the chromosomes and the sex-determining mechanism in four hunting spiders (Sparassidae). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Bengal, v. 5, n. 1, p. 51-70, 1952.

BOLE-GOWDA, B.N. A study of the chromosomes during meiosis in twenty-two species of Indian spiders. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Bengal, v. 11, n. 2, p. 69-108, 1958.

BRUM-ZORRILLA, N. and CAZENAVE, A.M. Heterochromatin localization in the chromosomes of Lycosa malitiosa (Arachnida). Experientia, v. 30, n. 1, p. 94-95, 1974.

BRUM-ZORRILLA, N. and POSTIGLIONI, A. Karyological studies on Uruguayan spiders I. Banding pattern in chromosomes of Lycosa species (Araneae-Lycosidae). Genetica, v. 54, p. 149-153, 1980.

BUGAYONG, M.J.G.; BARRION, A.A. and PAPAG, R.B. Karyotype of the egg chromosomes of the wolf spider Hippasa holmerae Thorell (Araneae: Lycosidae). Philippine Agricultural Scientist, v. 82, n. 3, p. 296-299, 1999.

CARANDANG, R.B. and BARRION, A.A. Karyotype of the egg chromosomes of Argiope luzona (Walck.), and orb-weaving spider (Araneae, Araneidae). Philippine Entomologist, v. 9, n. 4, p. 443-447, 1994a.

CARANDANG, R.B. and BARRION, A.A. Karyotype of egg chromosomes of an orb weaving spider Argiope shillongensis Sinha (Araneae: Argiopidae). Integrate pest management: learning from experience, p. 32-33, 1994b.

CARNOY, J.B. La cytodiérese chez les arthropodes. La Cellule, v. 1, p. 191-440, 1885.

CAVENAGH, A.F.; RINCÃO, M.P.; DIAS, F.C.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and DIAS, A.L. Chromosomal diversity in three species of Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae): inferences on diversification of diploid number and sexual chromosome systems in Lycosinae. Genetics and Molecular Biology, v. 45, n. 1, e20200440, 2022.

CHEMISQUY, M.A.; RODRÍGUEZ-GIL, S.G.; SCIOSCIA, C.L. and MOLA, L.M. Cytogenetic studies on three Lycosidae species from Argentina (Arachnida, Araneae). Genetics and Molecular Biology, v. 31, n. 4, p. 857-867, 2008.

CHEN, S.H. Cytological studies on six species of spiders from Taiwan (Araneae: Theridiidae, Psechridae, Uloboridae, Oxyopidae, and Ctenidae). Zoological Studies, v. 38, n. 4, p. 423-434, 1999.

CHICKERING, A.M. and HARD, W. Notes on the spermatogenesis of spiders. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., v. 20, p. 589-595, 1935.

COKENDOLPHER, J.C. and BROWN, J.D. Air-dry method for studying chromosomes of insects and arachnids. Entomological News, v. 96, n. 3, p. 114-118, 1985.

COKENDOLPHER, J.C. Karyotypes of three spider species (Araneae: Pholcidae: Physocyclus). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, v. 97, n. 4, p. 475-478, 1989.

DAS, S.N. and DAS, C.C. Chromosomes of Phidippus sp. (Salticidae, Araneae). Current Science, v. 43, p. 52, 1974.

DATTA, S.N. and CHATTERJEE, K. Chromosome number and sex-determining system in fifty-two species of spiders from North-East India. Chromosome Information Service, n. 35, p. 6-8, 1983.

DATTA, S.N. and CHATTERJEE, K. The chromosome behaviour in the spermatogenesis of two species of Indian araneid spiders. Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, v. 4, p. 433-436, 1984.

DATTA, S.N. and CHATTERJEE, K. Chromosomes and sex determination in 13 araneid spiders of North-Eastern India. Genetica, v. 76, p. 91-99, 1988.

DATTA, S.N. and CHATTERJEE, K. Study of meiotic chromosomes of four hunting spiders of north eastern India. Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, v. 6, p. 414-424, 1989.

DATTA, S.N. and CHATTERJEE, K. Chromosomes and sex determination in three species of spinner spiders from northeastern India. Cell and Chromosome Research, v. 15, n. 2, p. 64-69, 1992a.

DATTA, S.N. and CHATTERJEE, K. Meiotic behaviour of chromosomes in two higher web weaver spiders. Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, v. 7, p. 851-860, 1992b.

DATTA, S.N.; DEY, M. and CHATTERJEE, K. Chromosome analysis duringspermatogenesis of three Trionycha spiders from north eastern India. Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, v. 8, p. 673-677, 1995.

DIAZ, M.O. and SAEZ, F.A. Karyotypes of South-American Araneida. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, v. 33, n. 1, p. 153-154, 1966.

DIAZ, M.O.; MAYNARD, R. and BRUM-ZORRILLA, N. Diffuse centromere and chromosome polymorphism in haplogyne spiders of the families Dysderidae and Segestriidae. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, v. 128, p. 131-138, 2010.

DOAN, R.N. and PALIULIS, L.V. Micromanipulation reveals an X0-XX sex determining system in the orb-weaving spider Neoscona arabesca (Walckenaer). Hereditas, v. 146, p. 180-182, 2009.

DOLEJŠ, P.; KOŘÍNKOVA, T.; MUSILOVÁ, J.; OPATOVÁ, V.; KUBCOVÁ, L.; BUCHAR, J. and KRÁL, J. Karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca and Xerolycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae). European Journal of Entomology, v. 108, p. 1-16, 2011.

Dutra, D.D.; Brescovit, A.D. and Araujo, D. Chromosomal study on selected small Araneomorph spiders from Brazil, including the first records in Palpimanidae and Theridiosomatidae (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Zoological Studies, v. 62, 42, 2023.

Escuer, P.; Pisarenco, V.A.; Fernández-Ruiz, A.A.; Vizueta, J.; Sánches-Herrero, J.F.; Arnedo, M.A.; Sánchez-Gracia, A. and Rozas, J. The chromosome-scale assembly of the Canary Island endemic spider Dysdera silvatica (Arachnida, Araneae) sheds light on the origin and genome structure of chemoreceptor gene families in chelicerates. Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 22, p. 375-390, 2022.

FABIG, G.; MÜLLER-REICHERT, T. and PALIULIS, L.V. Back to the roots: segregation of univalent sex chromosomes in meiosis. Chromosoma, v. 125, p. 277-286, 2016.

Fan, Z.; Yuan, T.; Liu, P.; Wang, L.; Jin, J.; Zhang, F. and Zhang, Z. A chromosome-level genome of the spider Trichonephila antipodiana reveals the genetic basis of its polyphagy and evidence of an ancient
whole-genome duplication event. GigaScience, v. 10, p. 1-15, 2021.

FORMAN, M.; NGUYEN, P.; HULA, V.; KRÁL, J. Sex chromosome pairing and extensive NOR polymorphism in Wadicosa fidelis (Araneae: Lycosidae). Cytogenetic and Genome Research, v. 141, n. 1, p. 43-49, 2013.

FRANCO, J.F. and ANDÍA, J.M. El cariótipo de Sicarius sp. (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae), y sus relaciones citotaxonómicas. Bioma, v. april, p. 4-9, 2013.

GIMENEZ-PINHEIRO, T.; CARVALHO, L.S.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; MAGALHAES, I.L.F.; SCHNEIDER, M.C. Cytogenetic study in sand spiders (Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga: sex chromosome system diversity in closely related species. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics, v. 33, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2022.

GOLDING, A.E. and PALIULIS, L.V. Karyotype, sex determination, and meiotic chromosome behavior of two pholcid (Araneomorphae, Pholcidae) spiders: implications for karyotype evolution. PLoS ONE, v. 6, n. 9, p. 1-4, 2011.

GORLOV, I.P.; GORLOVA, O.YU. and LOGUNOV, D.V. Cytogenetic studies on Siberian spiders. Hereditas, v. 122, p. 211-220, 1995.

GORLOVA, O.YU.; GORLOV, I.P.; NEVO, E. and LOGUNOV, D.V. Cytogenetic studies on seventeen spider species from Israel. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, v. 10, n. 7, p. 249-252, 1997.

GUNNARSSON, B. and ANDERSSON, A. Chromosome variation in embryos of a solitary spider, Pityohyphantes phrygianus, with skewed sex ratio. Hereditas, v. 117, p. 85-91, 1992.

HACKMAN, W. Chromosomenstudien an Araneen mit besonderer berücksichtigung der geschlechtschromosomen. Acta Zoologica Fennica, v. 54, p. 1-101, 1948.

HANCOCK, A.J. and ROWELL, D.M. A chromosomal hybrid zone in the Australian huntsman spider, Delena cancerides (Araneae: Sparassidae). Evidence for a hybrid zone near Canberra, Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, v. 43, p. 173-180, 1995.

HARD, W.L. The spermatogenesis of the lycosid spider Schizocosa crassipes (Walckenaer). Journal of Morphology, v. 65, n. 1, p. 121-153, 1939.

HERRERA, I.M.A.; KRÁL, J.; PASTUCHOVÁ, M.; FORMAN, M.; MUSILOVÁ, J.; KOŘÍNKOVÁ, T.; ŠT`ÁHLAVSKÝ, F.; ZRZAVÁ, M.; NGUYEN, P.; JUST, P.; HADDAD, C.R.; HIŘMAN, M.; KOUBOVÁ, M.; SADÍLEK, D. and HUBER, B.A. Evolutionary pattern of karyotypes and meiosis in pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): implications for reconstructing chromosome evolution of araneomorph spiders. BMC Ecology and Evolution, v. 21, 75, 2021.

HETZLER, S. Some studies of spider chromosomes. American Arachnology, n. 20, p. 20, 1979.

HONG, W.; BEN-MING, R. and XIN-PING, W. Chromosome study of the spider Agelena difficilis. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 1, n. 1, p. 43-44, 1992.

Huber, B.A.; Meng, G.; Král, J.; Herrera, I.M.A.; Izquierdo, M.A. and Carvalho, L.S. High and dry: integrative taxonomy of the Andean spider genus Nerudia (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 198, n. 2, p. 534-591, 2023a.

Huber, B.A.; Meng, G.; Valdez-Mondragón, A.; Král, J.; Herrera, I.M.A. and Carvalho, L.S. Short-ledgged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, v. 880, p. 1-89, 2023b.

Huber, B.A.; Meng, G.; Král, J.; Herrera, I.M.A. and Izquierdo, M.A. Revision of the South American Ninetinae genus Guaranita (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, v. 900, p. 32-80, 2023c.

Huber, B.A.; Meng, G.; Dederichs, T.M.; Michalik, P.; Forman, M. and Král, J. Castaways: the Leeward Antilles endemic spider genus Papiamenta (Araneae: Pholcidae). Invertebrate Systematics, v. 38, IS23052, 2024.

HUMPHREY, M. A chromosome study of four Australian species of spiders of the genus Corasoides (Araneae: Desidae). Australian Entomologist, v. 44, n. 3, p. 173-180, 2017.

IGARASHI, H. and KONDO, A. The chromosome observation techniques for spiders. Acta Arachnologica, v. 27, p. 157-166, 1977.

JIANPING, W. and XIUZHEN, W. On karyotype of the Erigonidium graminicola (Araneae Linyphiidae). Journal of Hebei Normal University, v. 22, n. 4, p. 547-549, 1998.

KAGEYAMA, A. and SETO, T. Chromosomes of seven species of Japanese theridiid spiders. Chromosome Information Service, n. 27, p. 10-12, 1979.

KAGEYAMA, A.; SETO, T. and INOUE, H. Chromosomes of Japanese lycosid spiders. Chromosome Information Service, n. 25, p. 26-27, 1978.

KING, S.D. Spermatogenesis in a spider (Amaurobius sp.). Nature, v. 17, p. 574-575, 1925.

KOŘÍNKOVÁ, T. and KRÁL, J. Karyotypes, sex chromosomes, and meiotic division in spiders. In: Spider Ecophysiology, W. Netwig (Ed.), Springer-Verlag Berlin, p. 159-171, 2013.

KRÁL, J.; MUSILOVÁ, J.; ŠT`ÁHLAVSKÝ, F.; ŘEZÁČ, M.; AKAN, Z.; EDWARDS, R.L.; COYLE, F.A. and ALMERJE, C.R. Evolution of the karyotype and sex chromosome systems in basal clades of araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Chromosome Research, v. 14, p. 859-880, 2006.

KRÁL, J.; KOŘÍNKOVÁ, T.; FORMAN, M. and KRKAVCOVÁ, L. Insights into the meiotic behavior and evolution of multiple sex chromosome systems in spiders. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, v. 133, p. 43-66, 2011.

KRÁL, J.; KOŘÍNKOVÁ, T.; KRKAVCOVÁ, L.; MUSILOVÁ, J.; FORMAN, M.; HERRERA, I.M.A.; HADDAD, C.R.; VÍTKOVÁ, M.; HENRIQUES, S.; VARGAS, J.G.P.; HEDIN, M. Evolution of karyotype, sex chromosomes, and meiosis in mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 109, n. 2, p. 377 – 408, 2013.

KRÁL, J.; FORMAN, M.; KOŘÍNKOVÁ, T.; LERMA, A.C.R.; HADDAD, C.R.; MUSILOVÁ, J.; ŘEZÁČ, M.; HERRERA, I.M.A.; THAKUR, S.; DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN, A.S.; MAREC, F.; HOROVÁ, L.; BUREŠ, P. Insights into the karyotype and genome evolution of haplogyne spiders indicate a polyploid origin of lineage with holokinetic chromosomes. Scientific Reports, v. 9: 3001, 2019.

KRÁL, J.; HERRERA, I.M.A.; ŠT`ÁHLAVSKÝ, F.; SADÍLEK, D.; PAVELKA, J.; CHATZAKI, M. and HUBER B.A. Karyotype differentiation  and male meiosis in European clades of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Comparative Cytogenetics, v. 16, n, 4 p. 185-209, 2022.

KRÁL, J. Evolution of multiple sex chromosomes in the spider genus Malthonica (Araneae: Agelenidae) indicates unique structure of the spider sex chromosome systems. Chromosome Research, v. 15, p. 863-879, 2007.

KUMAR, S.A.; VENU, G.; JAYAPRAKASH, G. and VENKATACHALAIAH, G. Studies on chromosomal characteristics of Ctenus indicus (Gravely 1931) (Araneae: Ctenidae). Nucleus, doi 10.1007/s13237-016-0191-2, 2017.

KUMBIÇAK, Z. and KUMBIÇAK, Ü. Chromosome studies in the genus Pterotricha (Gnaphosidae) from Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, v. 66, n. 4, p. 1299-1302, 2014.

KUMBIÇAK, Z. and POYRAZ, H. A cytogenetical study on two ground spider species (Gnaphosidae: Drassodes) from Nevşehir District. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, v. 52, n. 2, p. 513-517, 2020.

KUMBIÇAK, Z.; ERGENE, S. and SAYGIDEĞER, S. Chromosomal data on six araneomorph spiders belonging to the families Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae (Araneae: Araneomprhae). Zoology in the Middle East, v. 48, p. 89-96, 2009.

KUMBIÇAK, Z.; ERGENE, S.; KARATAŞ, A. and KUMBIÇAK, Ü. Cytogenetic studies on five species of spiders from Turkey (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, v. 39, p. 490-494, 2011.

KUMBIÇAK, Z.; KARATAŞ, A.; KUMBIÇAK, Ü and SEYYAR, O. Karyological data and meiosis of Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) (Gnaphosidae) and Thanatus imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) (Philodromidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, v. 37, p. 200-204, 2013.

KUMBIÇAK, Z.; EKIZ, E. and ÇIÇEKLI, S. Karyotypes of six spider species belonging to the families Gnaphosidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae, and Zodariidae (Araneae) from Turkey. Comparative Cytogenetics, v. 8, n. 2, p. 93-101, 2014a.

KUMBIÇAK, Z.; ERGENE, S.; KUMBIÇAK, Ü and EKIZ, E. A chromosomal analysis of five spider species (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Miturgidae and Philodromidae) from Turkey. Caryologia, v. 67, n. 2, p. 155-159, 2014b.

KUMBIÇAK, U.; KUMBIÇAK, Z. and HUSEYNLI, G. A new diploid number and sex chromosome system for the family Hersiliidae from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, v. 50, n. 1, p. 131-134, 2018.

KUMBIÇAK, Z. Cytogenetic characterization of ten araneomorph spiders (Araneae): karyotypes and meiotic features. Biologia (Bratislava), v. 69, n. 5, p. 644-650, 2014.

KUMBIÇAK, U. Cytogenetic analysis of Tegenaria elysii (Araneae: Agelenidae). Sakarya University Journal of Science, v. 22, n. 6, p. 1-6, 2018.

KUMBIÇAK, U. Cytogenetic analysis of Gnaphosa lugubris (C.L. Koch, 1839) (Araneae: Gmaphosidae). Entomological News, v. 128, n. 3, p. 250-256, 2019

LOMAZI, R.L.; ARAUJO, D.; CARVALO, L.S. and SCHNEIDER, M.C. Small pholcids (Araneae: Synspermiata) with big surprises: the lowest diploid number in spiders with monocentric chromosomes. Journal of Arachnology, v. 46, p. 45-49, 2018.

MADDISON, W.P. and LEDUC-ROBERT, G. Multiple origins of sex chromosome fusions correlated with chiasma localization in Habronattus jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Evolution, v. 67-8, p. 2258-2272, 2013.

MADDISON, W.P.; MADDISON, D.R.; DERKARABETIAN, S. and HEDIN, M. Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini). ZooKeys, v. 925, p. 1-54, 2020.

MADDISON, W.P. XXXY sex chromosomes in males of the jumping spider genus Pellenes (Araneae: Salticidae). Chromosoma, v. 85, p. 23-37, 1982.

MADDISON, W.P. Pelegrina franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, v. 154, n. 4, p. 215-368, 1996.

MATSUMOTO, S. An observation of somatic chromosomes from spider embryo-cells. Acta Arachnologica, v. 27, special number, p. 167-172, 1977.

Miller, J.; Zimin, A.V. and Gordus, A. Chromosome-level genome and the identification of sex chromosomes in Uloborus diversus. GigaScience, v. 12, n. 1, p. 1-22, 2023.

MITTAL, O.P. and SINGH, A. Karyotype of a spider, Philodromus sp. (Thomisidae). Chromosome Information Service, n. 36, p. 20-22, 1984.

MITTAL, O.P.; KUMARI, M. and MAHAJAN, B. Chromosome analysis in a spider, Misumena menoka Tikader. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, v. 28, p. 117-119, 1993.

MITTAL, O.P. Chromosome number and sex mechanism in twenty species of the Indian spiders. Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 11, n. 3-4, p. 245-247, 1960.

MITTAL, O.P. Chromosome number and sex mechanism in twenty-one species of the Indian spiders. Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 12, n. 3-4, p. 271-273, 1961.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders I. A comparative study of the chromosomes and sex-determining mechanism in the family Lycosidae. Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 14, n. 1-2, p. 59-86, 1963.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders II. An analysis of the chromosomes during spermatogenesis in five species of spiders belonging to the family Salticidae. Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 15, n. 3-4, p. 315-326, 1964.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders VI. Chromosome number and sex-determining mechanism in the family Araneidae. Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 17, n. 3-4, p. 335-351, 1966a.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders V. Chromosome cycle in three species of the family Clubionidae. Caryologia, v. 19, n. 4, p. 385-394, 1966b.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on Indian spiders III. Chromosomes and their behaviour during spermatogenesis of two species of the family Tetragnathidae. Genetica, v. 37, p. 218-224, 1966c.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on Indian spiders IV. Chromosomes in relation to taxonomy in Eusparassidae, Selenopidae and Thomosidae. Genetica, v. 37, p. 205-234, 1966d.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders VII. Mitosis and meiosis in two species belonging to the family Gnaphosidae. Genetica, v. 38, p. 516-520, 1967.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders IX. Chromosome constitution in two Cribellate species. Genetica, v. 41, p. 575-580, 1970a.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders VIII. Chromosomes in the male germ cells of three species of the genus Oxyopes (family Oxyopidae). Microscope (London), v. 18, p. 313-318, 1970b.

MITTAL, O.P. A note on the male germ cell chromosomes of the spider Dolomedes sp. (Pisauridae). Chromosome Information Service, n. 33, p. 4-5, 1982.

MITTAL, O.P. Karyological studies on the Indian spiders X. An XXX0-type of sex-determining mechanism in the cribellate spiders. La Kromosomo II, v. 30-31, p. 919-925, 1983.

MITTAL, O.P. Male germ cell chromosomes of the spider, Phaeocedus sp. from India. Chromosome Information Service, n. 38, p. 15-17, 1985.

MONTGOMERY, T.H. The spermatogenesis of Syrbula and Lycosa, with general considerations upon chromosome reduction and the heterochromosomes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 57, p. 162-205, 1905.

MONTGOMERY, T.H. On the maturation mitoses and fertilization of the egg of Theridium. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, v. 25, p. 237-250, 1907.

NAVIA, J.F.F.; VIZARRETA, R.O. and YUNQUE, E.L. Observaciones cromossómicas em la araña Lycosa sp. (Arachnida). El Antoniano, n. 111, p. 91-92, 2006.

OLIVEIRA, R.M.; JESUS, A.C.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and CELLA, D.M. Chromosomes of Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall 1867), intraindividual numerical chromosome variation in Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski 1874), and the distribution pattern of NORs (Araneomorphae, Haplogynae, Pholcidae). The Journal of Arachnology, v. 35, p. 293-306, 2007.

PAINTER, T.S. Spermatogenesis in spiders. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, v. 38, p. 509-576, 1914.

PARIDA, B.B. and SHARMA, N.N. Karyotype and spermatogenesis in an Indian hunting spider, Sparassus sp. (Sparassidae: Arachnida) with multiple sex chromosomes. Chromosome Information Service, n. 40, p. 28-30, 1986.

PARIDA, B.B. and SHARMA, N.N. Chromosome number, sex mechanism and genome size in 27 species of Indian spiders. Chromosome Information Service, n. 43, p. 11-13, 1987a.

PARIDA, B.B. and SHARMA, N.N. Cytological studies on Indian spiders I. Meiosis in three species of wolf spiders (Lycosidae: Arachnida). Caryologia, v. 40, n. 1-2, p. 89-97, 1987b.

PARIDA, B.B.; MOHANTY, P.K.; SAHOO, P. and MOHAPATRA, A. Studies on spermatocytic chromosomes of an aquatic wolf spider, Hippasa madhuae Tikader and Malhotra (Lycosidae: Araneae). Current Science, v. 55, n. 19, p. 997-998, 1986.

PÄTAU, K. X-segregation and heterochromasy in the spider Aranea reaumuri. Heredity, v. 2, p. 77-100, 1948.

PAULA-NETO, E.; CELLA, D.M.; ARAUJO, D.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and SCHNEIDER, M.C. Comparative cytogenetic analysis among filistatid spiders (Araneomorphae: Haplogynae).The Journal of Arachnology, v. 45, p. 123-128, 2017.

PEKÁR, S. and KRÁL, J. A comparative study of the biology and karyotypes of two central European Zodariid spiders (Araneae, Zodariidae). The Journal of Arachnology, v. 29, p. 345-353, 2001.

PEKÁR, S.; KRÁL, J. and LUBIN, Y. Natural history and karyotype of some ant-eating spiders (Araneae, Zodariidae) from Israel. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 33, n. 1, p. 50-62, 2005a.

PEKÁR, S.; KRÁL, J.; MALTEN, A. and KOMPOSCH, C. Comparison of natural histories and karyotypes of two closely related ant-eating spiders, Zodarion hamatum and Z. italicum (Araneae, Zodariidae). Journal of Natural History, v. 39, n. 19, p. 1583-1596, 2005b.

PINTER, L.J. and WALTERS, D.M. Karyological studies I. A study of the chromosome numbers and sex-determining mechanism of three species of the genus Phidippus (Aranea: Salticidae, Dendryphantinae). Cytologia, v. 36, p. 183-189, 1971.

PINTO-NETO, J.P.C.; GOLL, L.G.; GROSS, M.C.; FELDESBERG, E.; SCHNEIDER, C.H. Cytogenetic analysis of three Ctenidae species (Araneae) from the Amazon. Genetics and Molecular Biology, v. 43 (4), e20200069, 2020.

Pompeo, J.N.; Brescovit, A.D. and Araujo, D. Taxonomic notes, distribution update and the first chromosomal analysis of Vectius niger (Simon, 1880) and Trochanteria gomezi Canals, 1933 (Araneae: Trochanteriidae). Zootaxa, v. 5372, n. 2, p. 229-244, 2023.

POSTIGLIONI, A. and BRUM-ZORRILLA N. Karyological studies on Uruguayan spiders II. Sex chromosomes in spiders of the genus Lycosa (Araneae-Lycosidae). Genetica, v. 56, p. 47-53, 1981.

POYRAZ, H. SIRLIBAŞ, F.A.; CIVAN, S.; KUMBIÇAK, U. and KUMBIÇAK, Z. Marinazelotes barbatus (L. Koch, 1866), un sitogenetik analizi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, v. 10, n. 3, p. 1462-1468, 2022.

PRAKASH, A. and PRAKASH, S. Short term somatic cell culture approach for cytogenetic analysis of Crossopriza lyoni (Spider: Pholcidae). International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, v. 2, n. 8, p. 29-32, 2014a.

PRAKASH, A. and PRAKASH, S. Cytogenetical investigations on spiders of semi-arid areas. Indian Journal of Arachnology, v. 3, n. 2, p. 40-54, 2014b.

QINGTAO, Z.; JIANZHANG, Y. and FENGXIANG, L. Study on the B chromosomes of spider I. B Chromosomes of Clubiona japonicola (Clubionidae, Araneida) in Wuhan. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 5, n. 2, p. 132-136, 1996.

QINGTAO, Z.; HONG, H.; BING, Y.; FENGXIANG, L and JIAN, C. An observation of the spider chromosomes by single embryo-cell squash technique. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 7, n. 1, p. 39-41, 1998a.

QINGTAO, Z.; HONG, H.; BING, Y.; FENGXIANG, L. and JIAN, C. Karyotype analysis of Dyschiriognotha quadrimaculata. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 7, n. 2, p. 139-141, 1998b.

QINGTAO, Z.; BING, Y.; HONG, H.; JIAN, C. and FENG-XIANG, L. On karyotype polymorphism in Lariniodes cornuta. Acta Zoologica Sinica, v. 45, n. 2, p. 238-240, 1999.

RAMALHO, M.O.; ARAUJO, D.; SCHNEIDER, M.C.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and CELLA, D.M. Mesabolivar brasiliensis (Moenkhaus 1898) and Mesabolivar cyaneotaeniatus (Keyserling 1891) (Araneomorphae, Pholcidae): close relationship reinforced by cytogenetic analyses. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 36, p. 453-456, 2008.

REVELL, S.H. Controlled X-segregation at meiosis in Tegenaria. Heredity, v. 1, p. 337-347, 1947.

ŘEZÁČ, M.; KRÁL, J.; MUSILOVÁ, J. and PEKÁR, S. Unusual karyotype diversity in the European spiders of the genus Atypus (Araneae: Atypidae). Hereditas, v. 143, p. 123-129, 2006.

ŘEZÁČ, M.; KRÁL, J. and PEKÁR, S. The spider genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Central Europe: revision and natural history. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 35, p. 432-462, 2007.

ŘEZÁČ, M.; GASPARO, F.; KRÁL, J. and HENEBERG, P. Integrative taxonomy and evolutionary history of a newly revealed spider Dysdera ninii complex (Araneae: Dysderidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 172, p. 451-474, 2014.

ŘEZÁČ, M.; ARNEDO, M.A.; OPATOVA, V.; MUSILOVÁ, J.; ŘEZÁČOVÁ, V. and KRÁL, J. Taxonomic revision and insights into the speciation mode of the spider Dysdera erythrina species-complex (Araneae: Dysderidae): sibling species with sympatric distributions. Invertebrate Systematics, v. 32, n. 1, p. 10-54, 2018.

RINCÃO, M.P.; CHAVARI, J.L.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and DIAS, A.L. Cytogenetic analysis of five Ctenidae species (Araneae): detection of heterochromatin and 18S rDNA sites. Comparative Cytogenetics, v. 11,n. 4, p. 627-639, 2017.

RINCÃO, M.P; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and DIAS, A.L. Insights on repetitive DNA behavior in two species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 and Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit, 2019 (Araneae, Ctenidae): Evolutionary profile of H3 histone, 18S rRNA genes and heterochromatin distribution. PLoS ONE, v. 15, n. 4, e0231324, 2020.

RODRÍGUEZ-GIL, S.G.; MOLA, L.M.; PAPESCHI, A.G. and SCIOSCIA, C.L. Cytogenetic heterogeneity in common Haplogyne spiders from Argentina (Arachnida, Araneae). The Journal of Arachnology, v. 30, p. 47-56, 2002.

RODRÍGUEZ-GIL, S.G.; MERANI, M.S.; SCIOSCIA, C.L. and MOLA, L.M. Cytogenetics in three species of Polybetes Simon 1897 from Argentina (Araneae, Sparassidae) I. Karyotype and chromosome banding pattern. The Journal of Arachnology, v. 35, p. 227-237, 2007.

ROWELL, D.M. and MAIN, B.Y. Sex ratio in the social spider Diaea socialis (Araneae: Thomisidae). The Journal of Arachnology, v. 20, p. 200-206, 1992.

ROWELL, D.M. Complex sex-linked fusion heterozygosity in the Australian huntsman spider Delena cancerides (Araneae: Sparassidae). Chromosoma, v. 93, p. 169-176, 1985.

ROWELL, D.M. The chromosomal constitution of Delena cancerides Walck. (Araneae: Sparassidae) and its role in the maintenance of social behaviour. The Australian Entomological Society Miscellaneous Publication, n. 5, p. 107-111, 1988.

ROWELL, D.M. Fixed fusion heterozygosity in Delena cancerides Walck. (Araneae: Sparassidae): an alternative to speciation by monobrachial fusion. Genetica, v. 80, p. 139-157, 1990.

ROWELL, D.M. Chromosomal fusion and meiotic behaviour in Delena cancerides (Araneae: Sparassidae). I. Chromosome pairing and X-chromosome segregation. Genome, v. 34, p. 561-566, 1991.

SAHARA, K.; MAREC, F. and TRAUT, W. TTAGG telomeric repeats in chromosomes of some insects and other arthropods. Chromosome Research, v. 7, p. 449-460, 1999.

SCIOSCIA, C.L. Estudios meióticos en tres especies de Dendryphantinae neotropicales (Araneae, Salticidae): Metaphidippus odiosus, Bryantella smaragdus y Dendryphantes patagonicus. Mendeliana, v. 12, n. 2, p. 97-103, 1997.

SEMBER, A.; PAPPOVÁ, M.; FORMAN, M.; NGUYEN, P.; MAREC, F.; DALÍKOVÁ, M.; DIVIŠOVÁ, K.; DOLEŽÁLKOVÁ-KAŠTÁNKOVÁ, M.; ZRAZAVA, M.; SADÍLEK, D.; HRUBÁ, B.; KRÁL, J. Patterns of sex chromosome differentiation in spiders: insights from Comparative Genomic Hybridisation. Genes, v. 11, 849, 2020.

SHARMA, G.P. and GUPTA, B.L. Cytological studies on the male germ cells of the spider, Pardosa sp., with observations under the phase contrast microscope. Research Bulletin of Panjab University, v. 84, p. 5-19, 1956.

SHARMA, N. and PARIDA, B.B. Study of chromosomes in spiders from Orissa. Pranikee, v. 8, p. 71-76, 1987.

SHARMA, S. and RAMAKRISHNA, S. Cytological studies on three species of Indian spiders. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, v. 4, n. 12, p. 1-6, 2019.

SHARMA, G.P. and SINGH, S. Cytological studies on the Indian spiders I. Chromosome complement and male meiosis in Stegodyphus specificus. Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, v. 120, p. 389-393, 1957.

SHARMA, G.P.; JANDE, S.S.; GREWAL, M.S. and CHOPRA, R.N. Cytological studies on the Indian spiders II. Chromosome complement and meiosis in seven species of the family Lycosidae. Research Bulletin of Panjab University, v. 156, p. 255-269, 1958.

SHARMA, G.P.; JANDE, S.S. and TANDON, K.K. Cytological studies on the Indian spiders IV. Chromosome complement and meiosis in Selenops radiatus Latreille (Selenopidae) and Leucauge decorata (Blackwall) (Tetragnathidae) with special reference to XXX0-type of male sex determining mechanism. Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 10, n. 1, p. 73-80, 1959.

SHARMA, G.P.; TANDON, K.K. and GREWAL, M.S. Cytological studies on the Indian spiders V. chromosome complement and male meiosis in Hersilia savignyi Lucas (Hersiliidae), Larinia sp. (Argiopidae), Tetragnatha sp. (Tetragnathidae), Oxyopes ryvesii Pocock, and Oxyopes sp. (Oxyopidae). Research Bulletin (N.S.) of the Panjab University, v. 11, n. 3-4, p. 201-206, 1960.

SHARMA, G.P. Spermatogenesis in the spider, Plexippus paykulli. Research Bulletin of Eastern Panjab University, v. 5, p. 67-80, 1950.

SHARMA, T. A study on the chromosomes of two lycosid spiders. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta, v. 14, n. 1, p. 33-38, 1961.

SHEFFER, M.M.; CORDELLIER, M.; FORMAN, M.; GREWOLDT, M.; HOFFMANN, K.; JENSEN, C.; KOTZ, M.; KRÁL, J.; KUSS, A.W.; LÍZNAROVÁ, E. and UHL, G. Identification of sex chromosomes using genomic and cytogenetic methods in a range-expanding spider, Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 136, n. 3, p. 405-416, 2022.

SILVA, R.W.; KLISIOWICZ, D.R.; CELLA, D.M.; MANGILI, O.C. and SBALQUEIRO, I.J. Differential distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in two species of brown spider: Loxosceles intermedia and L. laeta (Aranae, Sicariidae), from the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Acta Biologica Paranaense, v. 31, n. 1-4, p. 123-136, 2002.

SILVA, D. Estudio cariotípico de Loxosceles laeta (Araneae: Loxoscelidae). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, v. 31, p. 9-12, 1988.

SOKOLOV, I.I. Studies on nuclear structures in spiders (Araneina). I. Karyological peculiarites in spermatogenesis. Voprosy tsitologii i protistologii, p. 160-186, 1960.

SOKOLOV, I.I. Studies on nuclear structures in spiders (Araneina). II. The sex chromosomes. Tsitologii, v. 4, p. 617-625, 1962.

SOKÓLSKA, J. Les hétérochromosomes pedant la sparmatogenêse de l’Araignée domestique (Tegenaria domestica Cl). Bulletin de l’Acad. Polonaise des Sciences, v. 3B, p. 477-491, 1925.

SOUZA, L.B.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and ARAUJO, D. A new species of Synotaxus and the first chromosomal study on Synotaxidae, presenting a rare XY sex chromosome system in spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea), Zootaxa, v. 4303, n.1, p. 140-150, 2017.

SOUZA, L.B.; SILVA, B.C.; COSTA, C.C.; BRESCOVIT, A.D.; RINCÃO M.P.; DIAS, A.L. and ARAUJO, D. First chromosomal analysis in Deinopidae (Araneae) reveals Sex Chromosome System X1X2X3X4, B chromosomes and polymorphism for centric fusion. Zoology, v. 146, 125906, 2021.

SOUZA, L.H.B.; COSTA, C.C.; SILVA, B.C.; DUTRA, D.D.; MONTANHOLI, A.S.; OLIVEIRA, B.; ROGHANIAN, S.; LEMOS, L.C.; PONTES, H.R.C.; PÁDUA, A.A.; DIAS, R.R.S.S.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and ARAUJO, D. Unveiled chromosomal diversity in the Araneidae (Araneomorphae): the highest diploid number among entelegynes and the first record of the X1X2X3X4 sex chromosome system in the family . Journal of Arachnology, v. 50, n. 1, p. 13-22, 2022.

SRIVASTAVA, M.D.L. and SHUKLA, S. Chromosome number and sex-determining mechanism in forty-seven species of Indian spiders. Chromosome Information Service, n. 41, p. 23-26, 1986.

ŠT`ÁHLAVSKÝ, F.; FORMAN, M.; JUST, P.; DENIČ, F.; HADDAD, C.R. and OPATOVA, V. Cytogenetics of entelegyne spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from southern Africa. Comparative Cytogenetics, v. 14, n. 1, p. 107-138, 2020.

STÁVALE, L.M.; SCHNEIDER, M.C.; ARAUJO, D.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and CELLA, D.M. Chromosomes of Theridiidae spiders (Entelegynae): interspecific karyotype diversity in Argyrodes and diploid number intraspecific variability in Nesticodes rufipes. Genetics and Molecular Biology, v. 33, n. 4, p. 663-668, 2010.

STÁVALE, L.M.; SCHNEIDER, M.C.; BRESCOVIT, A.D. and CELLA, D.M. Chromosomal characteristics and karyotype evolution of Oxyopidae spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae). Genetics and Molecular Research, v. 10, n. 2, p. 752-763, 2011.

STRATTON, G.E. Investigation of species divergence and reproductive isolation of Schizocosa stridulans (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Illinois. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, v. 10, n. 9, p. 313-321, 1997.

SUZUKI, G. and KUBOTA, S. 5S ribosomal DNA cluster of a lynx spider Oxyopes sertatus includes a histone H2B-like gene in the spacer region (NTS). Chromosome science, v. 14, p. 3-8, 2011.

SUZUKI, S. and OKADA, A. A study on the chromosomes of a spider, Heteropoda venatoria, with special reference to X1-, X2- and X3-chromosomes. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University. Series B. Division 1, v. 11, Art. 4, p. 29-44, 1950.

SUZUKI, S. Cytological studies of some spiders. Zoological Magazine, v. 58, p. 89-90, 1949.

SUZUKI, S. Sex determination and karyotypes in spiders. Zoological Magazine, v. 59, p. 31-32, 1950a.

SUZUKI, S. Spiders with extremely low and high chromosome numbers. Japanese Journal of Genetics, v. 25, p. 221-222, 1950b.

SUZUKI, S. Karyotypes in two families of spiders, Salticidae and Argiopidae. Zoological Magazine, v. 60, p. 3-4, 1951a.

SUZUKI, S. Cytological studies in spiders. I. A comparative study of the chromosomes in the family Argiopidae. Journal of science of the Hiroshima University. Series B. Division 1, v. 12, p. 67-98, 1951b.

SUZUKI, S. Cytological studies in spiders II. Chromosomal investigation in twenty two species of spiders belonging to the four families, Clubionidae, Sparassidae, Thomisidae and Oxyopidae, which constitute Clubionoidea, with special reference to sex chromosomes. Journal of science of the Hiroshima University. Series B. Division 1, v. 13, p. 1-52, 1952.

SUZUKI, S. Cytological studies in spiders. III. Studies on the chromosomes of fifty-seven species of spiders belonging to seventeen families, with general considerations on chromosomal evolution. Journal of science of the Hiroshima University. Series B. Division 1, v. 15, Art. 2, p. 23-136, 1954.

TAŞDEMIR, B.; VAROL, I. and AKPINAR, A. Cytotaxonomical studies on six species of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Turkey. Türkiye entomoloji bülteni, v. 2, n. 2, p. 55-59, 2012.

TSURUSAKI, N.; IHARA, Y. and ARITA, T. Chromosomes of the funnel-web spider Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae). Acta Arachnologica, v. 42, n. 1, p. 43-46, 1993.

TUGMON, C.R.; BROWN, J.D. and HORNER, N.V. Karyotypes of seventeen USA spiders species (Araneae, Araneidae, Gnaphosidae, Loxoscelidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae). The Journal of Arachnology, v. 18, p. 41-48, 1990.

VANTHOURNOUT, B.; DESWARTE, K.; HAMMAD, H.; BILDE, T.; LAMBRECHT, B. and HENDRICKX, F. Flow cytometry sexing of spider sperm reveals equal sperm production ratio in a female-biased species. Biology Letters, v. 10, p. 1-5, 2014.

VÍTKOVÁ, M.; KRÁL, J.; TRAUT, W.; ZRZAVÝ, J. and MAREC, F. The evolutionary origin of insect telomeric repeats, (TTAGG)n. Chromosome Research, v. 13, p. 145-156, 2005.

WALLACE, L.B. The spermatogenesis of the spider. Biological Bulletin, v. 8, p. 169-184, 1905.

WALLACE, L.B. The spermatogenesis of Agalena naevia. Biological Bulletin, v. 17, p. 120-161, 1909.

Wang, Z.; Zhu, K.; Li, H.; Gao, L.; Huang, H.; Ren, Y. and Xiang, H. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the black widow spider Latrodectus elegans illuminates composition and evolution of venom and silk proteins. GigaScience, v. 11, p. 1-11, 2022.

WISE, D.A. and TAYLOR, J.L. On the mechanism of homologous synapsis in lycosis spiders. Genome, v. 38, p. 443-449, 1995.

WISE, D. An electron microscope study of the karyotypes of two wolf spiders. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, v. 25, p. 161-168, 1983.

XIUZHEN, W.; YOUJU, W.; ZHENLING, Y.; SUJUAN, C. and SUZHEN, Z. On chromosomes of the Agelena labyrinthica (Araneida: Agelenidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 5, n. 2, p. 137-140, 1996a.

XIUZHEN, W.; YOUJU, W.; ZHENLING, Y.; SUJUAN, C. and NING, L. On chromosomes of the Tegenaria domestica (Araneida: Agelenidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 5, n. 2, p. 141-144, 1996b.

XIUZHEN, W.; SUJUAN, C.; ZHENLING, Y.; JIANPING, W. and YOUJU, W. On Kapyotype of the Pholcus affinis (Araneide: Pholcidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 6, n. 1, p. 19-22, 1997a.

XIUZHEN, W.; YOUJU, W.; ZHENLING, Y. and SUJUAN, C. On the karyotype of Octonoba sinensis. Journal of Hebei Normal University, v. 21, n. 4, p. 423-426, 1997b.

YOUJU, W.; DAXIANG, S.; XIUZHEN, W. and ZHENLING, Y. Preliminary studies on the chromosome of four species of spiders. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 2, n. 2, p. 110-113, 1993.

YOUJU, W.; XIUZHEN, W.; SUJUAN, C. and ZHENLING, Y. On chromosomes of the Achaearanea tepidariorum. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 4, n. 1, p. 37-40, 1995.

YU, P.; CUI, H.; JINGZHAO, Z. and JIAN, C. Karayotype analysis of Pirata piraticus (Araneae: Lycosidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 7, n. 2, p. 142-145, 1998a.

YU, P.; CUI, H.; JINGZHAO, Z. Preliminary studies on the chromosome of Pirata subpiraticus Bosenberg et Strand (Araneida: Lycosidae). Journal of Zheijiang Agricultural University, v. 24, n. 3, p. 291-294, 1998b.

Yu, N.; Li, J.; Bao, H.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Li, F.; Wang, J. and Liu, Z. Chromosome-level genome of spider Pardosa pseudoannulata and cuticle protein genes in environmental stresses. Scientific data, v. 11: 121, 2024.

ZHANG, Y.J. and TONG, S.J. The routine method for preparing the chromosomes in spiders. Chinese Journal of Zoology, v. 25, n. 6, p. 30-31, 1990.

ZHAO, Y.; AYOUB, N.A. and HAYASHI, C.Y. Chromosome mapping of dragline silk genes in the genomes of widow spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae). PLoS ONE, v. 5, n. 9, e12804, 2010.

ZHENLING, Y.; XIUZHEN, W.; YOUJU, W.; SUJUAN, C. and HAIYIN, H. On karyotype analysis of the Pardosa astrigera (Araneida: Lycosidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 5, n. 2, p. 145-148, 1996.

ZHENLING, Y.; XIUZHEN, W.; YOUJU, W. and SUJUAN, C. On the karyotype of Pirata piratoides (Araneae:Lycosidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, v. 6, n. 1, p. 23-25, 1997a.

ZHENLING, Y.; XIUZHEN, W.; SUJUAN, C. and YOUJU, W. Notes on chromosomes of Trochosa spinipalpis. Journal of Hebei Normal University, v. 21, n. 2, p. 199-200, 1997b.